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What Happens If You Don't Attend a Voluntary Police Interview in England?
Key Takeaways
- Your solicitor has the right to disclosure under Code C, paragraph 11.1A
- Disclosure must be sufficient to enable proper legal advice
- You can refuse to answer questions if disclosure is inadequate
- Always request a solicitor before any police interview
What is a Voluntary Police Interview?
A voluntary police interview (also called a "voluntary attendance" or "interview under caution") is a formal interview conducted by the police where you are not under arrest. Despite the name "voluntary", these interviews are serious and anything you say can be used as evidence in court.
Your Rights During a Voluntary Interview
During a voluntary interview, you have the right to:
- Free legal advice from a solicitor
- Have a solicitor present during the interview
- Understand the allegations against you
- Receive disclosure of evidence before the interview
- Take breaks during the interview
Why You Need a Solicitor
Even though you are not under arrest, a voluntary interview is just as serious as an interview in custody. Having a solicitor present ensures:
- You understand your rights and the process
- You receive proper advice before answering questions
- The interview is conducted fairly and in accordance with PACE
- Your interests are protected throughout
- You understand the implications of what you say
What Happens During a Voluntary Interview?
The interview will be:
- Conducted under caution (you will be read your rights)
- Audio or video recorded
- Conducted in accordance with PACE Code C
- Used as evidence if the case goes to court
Legal Advice is Free
Legal advice and representation for voluntary interviews is free under Legal Aid, regardless of your financial circumstances. This is a fundamental right under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984.
The Importance of Pre-Interview Disclosure
Before any police interview, your solicitor should obtain disclosure from the investigating officer. Under Code C, paragraph 11.1A, you are entitled to be informed of the nature of the suspected offence and why you are suspected of committing it. This information must be sufficient to enable your solicitor to provide proper legal advice.
What Should Disclosure Include?
Proper disclosure should include the details of the allegation, any evidence gathered such as CCTV, forensic evidence, or witness statements, the circumstances of your arrest if applicable, and any other material facts relevant to your interview. Under the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, section 3, the prosecution has ongoing disclosure obligations.
Challenging Inadequate Disclosure
If the police provide insufficient disclosure, your solicitor can make representations to the custody sergeant under Code C. Where disclosure is inadequate, your solicitor may advise you to make no comment in interview until proper disclosure is provided. This protects your position while ensuring fairness in the investigation.
Further Information
For more information about police station representation and your legal rights, visit our Duty Solicitor Services page. If you have been invited for a voluntary interview, see our guide on Voluntary Interview Advice. For local services, check our Kent Police Stations guide.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can the police refuse to give disclosure?
The police must provide sufficient information under Code C, paragraph 11.1A. If they refuse, your solicitor can advise you on the implications and whether to answer questions without full disclosure.
What if I answered questions without a solicitor?
Any answers given may still be used as evidence. However, the court will consider whether you were properly advised of your rights under section 58 of PACE when assessing the weight of that evidence.
Is disclosure the same at police station and court?
No. Police station disclosure is more limited. Full prosecution disclosure occurs after charging under the Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996.
Disclaimer: This article is for general information only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice specific to your situation, contact a qualified solicitor. Legal Aid is available for police station representation regardless of your financial circumstances.
References
- Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Codes of Practice) Order 2015, Code C, paragraph 11.1A
- Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996, section 3
- Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, section 58
- R v Argent [1997] 2 Cr App R 27